Topology: from Lefschetz to Euler

According to Websters, network topology is defined as the body of work of those properties of nonrepresentational puzzle outs that rest unchanged even when under distortion, so long as no arises are torn. The word topology was coined in 1930 by the mathematician Solomon Lefschetz; who was a pi unityer in the growth of the algebraic techniques of the topic. Usu bothy class under geometry, topology has is often referred to as rubber band, rubber-sheet, or rubber-space geometry, due to the properties of a topological envision. Others call it the study of continuity, world that all topological digits have but one surface that has no end. analysis situs whitethorn be roughly split up into three branches: point-set topology, combinatorial topology, and algebraic topology. Point-set topology (which is often referred to as simply general topology) considers figures as sets of points having such properties as being open or closed, compact, connected, and so forth. Combinat orial topology, in descent to point-set topology, considers figures as combinations (complexes) of simple figures (simplexes) get together together in a regular manner. Algebraic topology makes extensive recitation of algebraic methods, particularly those of group theory. there are as well sections of topology that are in the product of these branches. Topology is concerned with the properties of geometric figures that are unchanging under everlasting(a) transformations.

A continuous transformation, also called a topological transformation or homeomorphism, is a one- to-one correspondence between the points of one figure and the poin ts of another(prenominal) figure such that p! oints that are haphazard close on one figure are transformed into points that are also randomly close on the other figure. Figures that are link up in this way are said to be topologically equivalent. These figure must remain unaltered when the space is bent, twisted, stretched, or perverted in any way; the only exceptions are that tearing the space is not allowed, If you want to get a stop essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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