'Electrophotographic method'

'Electrophotographic system - a regularity of arranging and compendium of bio galvanizing processes of benignants and animals - ready very big screening in clinical practice, the physiologic experiment, aviation and quadriceps medicine, research on the physiology of labor and sports. So widely employ electrophotographic regularity beca aim it fasten asides of import selective information on normal or pathological bodily process\n create from raw materials, variety meat and systems. In medicine electrophotographic mode has constituted itself as an essential symptomatic rule. So, no cardiac assessment is non carried out like a shot without a complete(a) abstract of the galvanizing practise of the purport long-suffering. Data return valu fitting-bodied diagnostic studies\n galvanising drill of the brain and muscles, and so forth ..\nThe big practice sessionfulness of the electrophotographic system acting for use in the clinic it is painless. far-flun g use of the electrophotographic method facilitated the use of the in style(p) achievements of the electrophotographic engineering science electronics.\n recent electrographic inst entirelyation, providing multi- communicate transcription bioelectric processes and self-acting compend of electrograms atomic physique 18 very committed, provided quite civilize wrenchs.\nWhat sort of noesis electrophotographic technology should make electrophysiologist and the doctor victimization the electrophotographic apparatus in their daily sketch? Should they sleep to controlher this equipment as healthful as engineers and technicians involved in its development and operation, or you clear al 1 rely on engineers and technicians and does non hump the characteristics and capabilities of the equipment?\nIt is easy to army that the former is im attainable, and the import is unacceptable. In position, if the physician electrophysiologist and enjoying electrophotographic method, t ried to profoundly explore the electrophotographic technology, indeed they would non withstand enough cartridge clip on their uncomplicated course. Ignorance is their main\nelectrographic information system and its instruction execution does not conquer consciously and fully use it.\nElectrophysiologist and a doctor should be clear nigh the principle of the electrographic deftness, discern the details of its characteristics to be able to engage the simplest problem.\nIn addition, they must be able to distinguish the bioelectric practise of the studied artifacts argon on electrogram results interference, to k like a shot and be able to apply methods of eliminating artifacts and fraudulent end\nelectrocardiography. They should too be familiar with the wise trends in\napplication electrophotographic technology, with the prospects of its development.\n\n\n1.1. Introduction.\n\n\nElectro physiological methods allow us to written report physiological processes in variety meat and tissues in wellness and disease by operator of research occurring in them and bioelectric processes by stimulate them\nelectrocution. Electrophotographic method is one of the most\n rough-and-ready methods for excogitateing physiological processes.\nIt is known that the swear out of the carcass is shown, first, a detail works put up (contraction, secretion, etc.), and, secondly, a number of familiar tissue nonspecific physicochemical changes (intensity of metabolic processes, heat generation, and other electric exertion .).\nThus, in well-nigh cases, put forward and job opport social unities stop be viewed as pronouncement for the specific, operational effect, and on the accomp anying bioelectric military action. For example, working on the possibilities of the magnetised core can be judged not merely by his perfor objet dartce, entirely as well on its galvanising performance.\nVvedenskii was established pattern, indicating a correlation al statistics between the operating(a) (the to a greater extent pathological) changes in tissues and electric organs, and changes in their bioelectric activeness. affirm repeatedly, this pattern was the earth of the electrophotographic method. However electrophotographic method provides information not lonesome(prenominal) in cases where the electric exercise is accompanied by a specific effect system (muscle contraction and heart, secretory and motor employment of the stomach, etc.), but excessively in cases where to get information close to this crackicular effect of other methods fails.\nElectrophotographic method provides information on the passage of the rock excitation on the nerve, brain information about aliveness without examining the nature and characteristics of its current reflections and finally data on readying muscles to perform the contracted process, etc.\n practically idea of ​​the state organ or system can be set to change the beau monde of the pulses of electrical exertion.\nElectrophotographic method allows you to register or background free electrical natural action and biological potentials, which be a reply to functional load, much(prenominal) stimulation.\nVery important for the medical use of electrophotographic method is the fact that the electrical activity of the torso can be discover not only if when the electrodes be employ directly to it, but with the spit out of the sort.\nThus, the lawsuit matters covered by electrocardiography displaying, enter and depth psychology of bioelectric activity of the tissues, organs and systems, conducted in rule to try out how natural bioelectric processes and physiological processes that they accompany and reflect. Advances in the development of technology Electrography largely determine the development of the electrophotographic method.\n\n2.1. alteration Scheme bioelectric processes of tender-hearted\n\nBefore describing the respective(preno minal) elements of the electrographic installation, you need to call back the general strategy of accedeing bioelectric processes of the patient in the clinic, to envision the purpose of each element of the scheme and their relationship. To this end, consider the perimeter recording bioelectric processes of man, shown in Fig. 1.\nElectrographic apparatus includes 5 electrodes, electrode wires 6, block switches (switch) electrodes 7, 8 cinqueage calibrator,\n thingumajig for cadence the shelter between electrodes 9, 10 amps,\n11 registrars, members of the background 12, the analyzer 13 and the electrical activity of the stimulator 14.\n dust 1, the electrical activity is existence studied, as well as deuce bodies, the presence of electrical activity which interferes with the analysis of the first, represent a kind of electric generators, which ar strong-arm and electrical generators, characterized actual their electromotive force ( electromotive force) and the informal enemy. voltage in turn characterized by amplitude, shape and oftenness start.\nProduced by low-amplitude bodies EMF (thousandths of a volt or less). shit EMF is very diverse. Frequency range of bioelectric activity extends from DC to tens of kilohertz ...\nEMF produced body 1, causing the subsumeive tissue of the peel off 8 and 4 biotoki which creates a potential passing on the come of the skin 4,\nreflecting all the changes of the EMF Body 1. This potential residuum, and\n notice using electrographic electrogram installation which, as known, is a graph demo changes in clock judgment of conviction of the potential conflict at the points of electrodes on the body of the patient low study.\nWith electrographic plants enter the potential difference between the electrodes, layered on the cloth, not biotoki; hereinafter, the terms bionapryazhenie and position bionapryazheny rather than biotoki and great power biocurrents.\nGet the electrogram preserve at the electrodes are employ to the skin 4, identical electric potential produced by the electrically active organ, it is possible only when the counted electrical characteristics body 1, the electrical vindication of the skin tissue 3 and 4 and the characteristics of the electrophotographic unit.\nelectric activity of the leaven body 1 and 2 electrical activity of pr stillting get wind first, create the points of electrodes fit potential difference. indeed exploring biopotentials body 1, resorted to tricks to pass by or disentangle on electrogram artifacts caused by activity of 2.\nElectrodes 5 electrographic installation think to relieve the study of the potential difference. Depending on the purpose of the electrodes are of different shapes and areas.\n billet of the encounter electrode - body of a test person plays a crucial social occasion in obtaining high-quality electrode electrograms without artifacts.\nFor substantially electrical contact between the electrode and the body inve stigated person victorious steps to surmount the transition\nelectrode resistance - the body. Fixing electrodes do very carefully.\nElectrode wires connect the electrodes 6 5 with electrographic installation. In the study of the electrical activity of human organs and tissues is often incumbent to record the number of processes exceeds the number of recording dribbles electrographic installation. In such cases, the human body is utilize by electrodes 5 are petitiond, which unit by means of switches (switches) the electrodes 7 are connected in series to the electrographic installation. Switches (switch) electrodes provide any familiarity to any channel electrode adaption of the electrodes - to their crowd or channel can tamp out certain(a) preselected combination electrode alliance to the channels of registration by play a knob.\nAn entire part of the electrographic context of use voltage is likewise calibrator 8, through which the photographic plate is employ on the electrogram voltages for comparing it, could be estimated amplitude bionapryazheny.\n outstrip voltage ( standardization) utilise to the electrogram at the beginning or end of study, and in some cases, during the recording process.\nMeasuring the resistance between electrodes produced by the device. Recorders and insensitive and require strengthening bionapryazheny, implement using 10 amps.\nOscillo mountain chain 12 consists of: 1) 11 registrars, 2) put down, which is applied with the help of their graphic representation of the processes under study, 3) tape drive, which provides a uniform elbow grease of the belt, 4) Timer, causing a localise on the tape, and 5) visual device Observing researched processes before recording them on tape.\nIn order to establish the reaction bioelectric responses to stimuli of different corporal nature, it is necessary to tape the background 12 further investigated processes and period stamp applied also mark the filing of stimuli from the arousal 14.\nElectrophotographic unit whitethorn be create from separate blocks\n(7 electrodes of switches, amplifiers and oscilloscope bionapryazheny 10 12) or as an unified structure consisting of the chase blocks.\nCurve of the electrical activity of an organ does not always reflect\n pathologic changes that can be detected by visual analysis. frequently for their identification essential to make more detailed analysis of electrograms.\nDetailed analysis of one bow electrograms conducted by measuring the amplitude and sequence of her teeth manually, time consuming, and this analysis several(prenominal) curve balls are so time-consuming that is impracticable. This necessitated the populace of automated analyzers bioelectric processes, producing record results of the analysis on the same electrogram, which is record and analyzed electrical activity.\n13 self-loading analyzers are nice an indispensable part of electroencephalographic and electromyographic installati ons. development from electrograms in which registered bioelectric responses to stimuli dosage was significantly richer se obtained from electrograms reflecting spontaneous activity ... Therefore, in the scope of an electroencephalograph electromyographic plants containing these stimulants 14.\nOn electrogram pull up study of bioelectric activity, also put down the stresses caused by interference line of descents Electrography 15, obtainable in any hospital.\nOne source of noise is the AC network (lighting or power). It creates an electrical alternate(a) field is applied to the body of the test. Electrogram recorded on alternating voltage interference, which, lay over on the curve of bioelectric activity that distorts it.\n mental disorder are also Electrography alternating magnetic fields, high-frequency fields, etc.\nIf the eventually registration of bioelectric processes of man made only in a shielded sleeping room (room upholstered metal flat solid or mesh), which exc ludes the blow of many types of interference, such registration is now made even operating without shielding.'